Using Marketing Data to Drive Results

Today’s marketers have a powerful tool at their disposal – marketing data. Yet, many businesses fail to harness the full potential of this invaluable asset. Surprisingly, 87% of marketers consider data as their company’s most under-utilized resource. By embracing data-driven strategies, businesses can achieve five to eight times more return on investment compared to those who neglect it. In this article, we will delve into the definition of data-driven marketing, explore current trends, emphasize the importance of data, and guide you on how to update your approach to drive exceptional results.

Key Takeaways:

  • Analyzing marketing data helps in reducing unnecessary ad spend
  • Targeted messaging that resonates personally with consumers improves brand engagement
  • Tracking conversion rates, click-throughs, and engagement assists in gauging campaign effectiveness
  • Data-driven marketing can help reduce distribution costs by targeting smaller groups with tailored marketing materials
  • Lack of data literacy can hinder decision-making and implementation of data-driven marketing strategies

What Is Data-Driven Marketing?

Data-driven marketing is a powerful strategy that enables marketers to leverage data from consumer interactions and third-party sources to gain valuable insights into consumer motivations, preferences, and behaviors. By analyzing this data, marketers can create personalized messaging and experiences that deliver a higher return on investment (ROI). This approach allows businesses to better understand their target audience, tailor their campaigns to their specific needs, and make informed decisions that drive results.

Consumer insights play a crucial role in data-driven marketing. These insights help marketers uncover valuable information about their target audience’s demographics, purchasing habits, preferences, and desires. By utilizing consumer insights effectively, marketers can develop personalized messaging that resonates with their audience and encourages engagement.



One key aspect of data-driven marketing is personalized messaging. By using consumer insights, marketers can craft messages that are relevant, timely, and tailored to the individual recipient. Personalization not only helps capture attention but also makes consumers feel valued and understood.

The Power of Personalized Messaging

Personalized messaging is a game-changer in marketing. According to McKinsey, personalized experiences can provide 5-8 times the ROI on marketing spend. When consumers receive messages that speak directly to their needs and interests, they are more likely to engage and convert.

However, achieving effective personalization requires a solid understanding of consumer data and insights. Marketers must collect and analyze data effectively to identify patterns and trends, enabling them to deliver personalized messaging that resonates with their target audience.

The Role of Consumer Insights

Consumer insights play a vital role in data-driven marketing. By tapping into these insights, marketers can gain a deep understanding of their target audience’s preferences, behaviors, and pain points. This knowledge allows marketers to tailor their messaging and campaigns to meet their audience’s specific needs, increasing the likelihood of engagement and conversion.

Benefits of Consumer Insights Statistics
Increased ROI McKinsey suggests that personalized experiences can provide 5-8 times the ROI on marketing spend.
Improved Customer Experience 53% of consumers are likely to abandon a website and purchase a product elsewhere due to a poor customer experience.
Enhanced Engagement 74% of consumers feel annoyed by ads they find irrelevant.
Brand Loyalty 79% of customers will cease doing business with a company if they discover their personal data is collected without their knowledge.

Utilizing Personalized Messaging

Data-driven marketing enables marketers to unlock the power of personalized messaging. By tailoring their messages based on consumer insights, marketers can build meaningful connections with consumers, increase engagement, and drive conversions. Personalized messaging allows businesses to stand out from the competition and create memorable experiences that resonate with their target audience’s individual needs and desires.

When implemented effectively, data-driven marketing and personalized messaging can transform marketing campaigns, deliver higher ROI, and create lasting customer relationships. By leveraging consumer insights and utilizing data-driven strategies, marketers can unlock the full potential of their marketing efforts.

The Benefits of Data-Driven Marketing

Data-driven marketing offers numerous benefits for businesses, providing them with the necessary tools to make informed decisions and drive successful campaigns. By leveraging data, marketers can gain clarity about what prospects value, convert them into customers more effectively, and achieve higher ROI.

One of the key advantages of data-driven marketing is the ability to understand the success or underperformance of campaigns. By analyzing data, marketers can identify which marketing strategies are yielding the best results and make informed decisions on how to mobilize their efforts. This clarity empowers businesses to focus their resources on tactics that have proven to be effective, resulting in more targeted and efficient marketing campaigns.

Another significant benefit is the ability to personalize messaging. Data allows marketers to gain insights into customer preferences, behaviors, and demographics. With this information, personalized messages can be created that resonate with customers on a deeper level. Customers are more likely to respond positively to messaging that feels tailored to their needs, which ultimately drives conversions and fosters customer loyalty.

To showcase these benefits in action, let’s take a look at an example. Lego, a well-known toy company, launched the “Adults Welcome” digital ad campaign. With the help of data-driven marketing, Lego was able to allocate over $900K for this campaign in October 2023, targeting a specific audience segment that expressed interest in adult-oriented Lego sets. Through data analysis, Lego gained clarity about what this target audience valued and created personalized messaging that appealed to their preferences.

Benefits of Data-Driven Marketing Statistics
Data helps target the 5% of the audience actively in the market, leading to better results and higher ROI. Statistical Data
Data enables businesses to identify the right target audience by analyzing demographic information. Statistical Data
Data assists in determining the most effective channels for reaching the target audience based on their online behavior. Statistical Data
Personalized messages, created using data, are more effective in driving conversions and fostering customer loyalty. Statistical Data
Data can be used to measure campaign performance through metrics like website traffic, conversion rates, and social media engagement. Statistical Data
Data-driven marketing allows businesses to gain insights into customer behavior and preferences, leading to more targeted and effective marketing campaigns. Statistical Data

Data-driven marketing empowers businesses to make informed decisions, drive targeted campaigns, and achieve better results. By leveraging data, marketers can gain clarity about their target audience, personalize messaging, and optimize their marketing strategies for maximum impact.

The Challenges of Data-Driven Marketing

While data-driven marketing offers many advantages, businesses often face several challenges in leveraging the full potential of their marketing data. These challenges can hinder the effectiveness and impact of data-driven strategies. In this section, we will explore some common challenges and discuss how marketers can overcome them.

Data Quality

One of the most critical challenges in data-driven marketing is ensuring the quality of the data being used. According to Accenture, only one-third of companies believe their data is trustworthy and valuable for effective use. To address this challenge, marketers must prioritize data quality by using reputable data sources and implementing robust data validation processes. By relying on accurate and reliable data, businesses can make informed decisions and drive better marketing outcomes.

Privacy Regulations

With the increasing emphasis on data privacy, compliance with regulations like the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is essential. Marketers must navigate the complexities of these privacy regulations while collecting, analyzing, and using customer data. By implementing proper data governance practices and obtaining consent from customers, businesses can ensure compliance and build trust with their audience.

A/B Testing

A/B testing is a crucial aspect of data-driven marketing that allows businesses to refine their campaigns and optimize their strategies. However, conducting effective A/B tests can be challenging. Marketers need to design well-structured experiments, define clear objectives, and accurately measure the impact of different variables. By systematically testing different variations and analyzing the results, businesses can make data-driven decisions and continuously improve their marketing efforts.

Siloed Data and Lack of Integration

Data silos, where marketing data is spread across multiple systems such as CRM, web analytics, and social media platforms, can hinder a holistic view of the customer journey. This lack of integration makes it difficult to gain comprehensive insights and make data-driven decisions. Overcoming this challenge requires businesses to invest in integrated data platforms or develop robust data integration strategies that enable the seamless flow of information across channels and teams.

Limited Data Literacy and Skillset

According to the 2020 Qlik/Accenture survey, only 21% of employees expressed confidence in their data literacy skills, and 74% felt uncomfortable and overwhelmed while working with data. A lack of skills and resources within the team can limit a company’s ability to utilize marketing analytics effectively. To address this challenge, businesses should prioritize training and upskilling programs to enhance their team’s data literacy and ensure they have the necessary expertise to derive valuable insights from marketing data.

Scalability and Legacy Systems

Legacy systems often pose scalability issues, making it challenging for businesses to manage large volumes of marketing data effectively. These systems may not be equipped to handle the growing demands of data-driven marketing. To overcome this challenge, businesses should invest in modern marketing platforms that can handle and process large volumes of data efficiently. Upgrading to scalable infrastructure will enable businesses to leverage their marketing data effectively and avoid data quality issues.

By recognizing and addressing these challenges, businesses can unlock the full potential of their marketing data and leverage data-driven strategies to drive better results and gain a competitive edge in the digital landscape.

Challenge Statistics/Insights
Data Quality Only one-third of companies believe their data is trustworthy and valuable for effective use (Accenture)
Privacy Regulations Compliance with data privacy regulations like CCPA and GDPR is essential
A/B Testing Effective A/B testing allows businesses to refine campaigns and optimize strategies
Siloed Data and Lack of Integration Merely 3% of respondents have fully integrated systems where data flows seamlessly between channels and teams (CMO Council report)
Limited Data Literacy and Skillset Only 21% of employees expressed confidence in their data literacy skills (2020 Qlik/Accenture survey)
Scalability and Legacy Systems Legacy systems can hinder the management of large volumes of marketing data and potentially lead to data quality issues

Data-Driven Marketing Trends in 2024

As we look ahead to 2024, data-driven marketing continues to evolve, shaping the future of marketing strategies across D2C, B2C, and B2B industries. Marketers are increasingly relying on first-party data to enhance their campaigns due to privacy regulations and browser restrictions on third-party data. This valuable information directly collected about customers provides deeper insights and enables tailored marketing strategies that resonate.

The modern consumer buying journey has become more complex, with numerous touchpoints and higher expectations for personalized experiences. Personalization, using statistical data to tailor marketing content, has become a growing trend as businesses strive to grab and retain consumer attention. In fact, 80% of customers are more likely to purchase from brands that provide personalized experiences.

Brand loyalty is fading in today’s competitive landscape, making it crucial for marketers to deliver seamless experiences. According to statistics, 32% of customers stop doing business with a brand they love after only one bad experience. To retain customers, businesses must leverage data to meet and exceed expectations at every touchpoint.

Integrating data tools, as well as embracing AI and marketing automation, are critical trends for marketers to stay competitive. The majority of marketers are investing in AI, with 93% of them believing that AI will positively impact their organizations. AI-powered technologies like generative AI are emerging, enabling faster interpretation and analysis of marketing data.

Furthermore, harnessing intent data allows marketers to understand why potential customers behave the way they do, enabling tailored marketing efforts based on collected data. Intent data provides invaluable insights into consumer preferences, purchase behavior, and decision-making processes.

First-party data remains highly valuable for marketers, providing specific insights and enabling tailored marketing strategies based on real interactions with customers. In fact, 82% of marketers plan to increase their use of first-party data, recognizing its importance in driving successful campaigns and delivering personalized experiences.

To facilitate the collection of first-party intent data and create strategies that accurately meet customer needs, platforms like Turtl offer digitally optimized solutions. The format offered by Turtl has been proven to increase reader engagement by 10 times compared to PDFs, showcasing the efficacy of data-driven marketing tools in driving results.

As data-driven marketing trends continue to shape the industry in 2024, staying informed and leveraging the power of data is essential for marketers to thrive in an ever-evolving digital landscape.

Insights Data-Driven Marketers Need in 2024

As marketers navigate the rapidly changing digital landscape in 2024, agility and data-driven strategies are expected to take center stage. With 78% of marketers focusing on these approaches, the importance of leveraging valuable insights cannot be overstated.

To drive successful data-driven marketing campaigns, marketers are relying on various sources of data to gain a comprehensive view of their target audience. Here are the key types of data that marketers need in 2024:

CRM Data

CRM data provides valuable insights into customer interactions and behaviors. Marketers can use this data to segment their audience and create personalized experiences based on past interactions. By leveraging CRM data, marketers can tailor their messaging and offers to specific customer segments, increasing the effectiveness of their campaigns.

Web Analytics Data

Web analytics data offers insights into consumer interactions on websites. By analyzing this data, marketers can understand the pages visited, goals completed, and overall user behavior on their websites. This information enables them to personalize their messaging based on specific user actions, delivering a more personalized and engaging experience.

Mobile App Data

Mobile app data provides deep insights into user behavior and preferences within mobile applications. This data allows marketers to understand how users interact with their app, which features they use the most, and what drives user engagement. By leveraging this data, marketers can optimize their mobile app experiences and tailor their marketing efforts to meet user preferences.

Transaction Data

Transaction data is a powerful tool for predicting future purchasing behavior. By analyzing past transactions, marketers can identify patterns and trends that help them understand customer preferences and buying habits. With this information, marketers can create targeted offers and campaigns that are more likely to resonate with their audience.

Call Tracking and Conversation Intelligence Data

Call tracking and conversation intelligence data fill a critical blind spot in understanding consumer experiences. By analyzing phone conversations, marketers can gain insights into how consumers engage with their brand over the phone. This data provides valuable information about customer preferences, pain points, and motivations, allowing marketers to tailor their messaging and improve their overall customer experience.

By leveraging these valuable insights from data sources such as CRM data, web analytics data, mobile app data, transaction data, and call tracking/conversation intelligence data, data-driven marketers in 2024 can make more informed decisions, personalize their campaigns, and optimize their strategies for maximum impact.

Best Practices for Data-Driven Marketing

To maximize the potential of data-driven marketing, it is crucial to follow a set of best practices that allow businesses to effectively leverage data, understand the target audience, and drive actionable insights. By implementing these practices, marketers can optimize their strategies and achieve better results.

1. Audience Understanding

An in-depth understanding of the target audience is the foundation of effective data-driven marketing. By analyzing customer data, marketers can gain valuable insights into consumer preferences, behaviors, and motivations. This knowledge enables the creation of personalized messaging that resonates better with the target audience, leading to higher engagement and conversions.

2. Continuous Improvement

Data analysis and continuous improvement are essential elements of successful data-driven marketing strategies. By routinely analyzing data, marketers can identify trends, patterns, and areas for improvement. This iterative process allows for the optimization of campaigns, messaging, and targeting, ultimately maximizing return on investment (ROI).

3. Actionable Insights

Data-driven marketing generates a wealth of insights, but the true value lies in turning those insights into actionable strategies. Marketers should use data to inform decision-making and make data-driven choices for their marketing campaigns. By leveraging actionable insights, marketers can create targeted and effective strategies that drive results.

By following these best practices, marketers can harness the power of data-driven marketing to achieve better audience understanding, continuous improvement, and actionable insights. This leads to more effective campaigns, increased ROI, and ultimately, better business results.

Marketing Analytics and its Benefits

Marketing analytics plays a vital role in today’s data-driven business landscape. It involves the collection and analysis of marketing-specific data to understand the return on investment (ROI) and effectiveness of campaigns. By harnessing the power of marketing analytics, businesses can make informed decisions, optimize their strategies, and drive better results.

There are three main marketing analytics models: descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive. Descriptive analytics focuses on understanding past performance by analyzing historical data. Predictive analytics uses historical data to make predictions about future outcomes. Prescriptive analytics goes a step further by providing actionable recommendations to optimize strategies and achieve desired outcomes.

To illustrate the application of marketing analytics models, let’s consider a real-world example. A company wants to evaluate the effectiveness of its recent email marketing campaign. By analyzing data such as open rates, click-through rates, and conversion rates, the company can gain insights into campaign performance and make data-driven decisions for future email marketing initiatives.

Popular Marketing Analytics Tools Benefits
Google Analytics Tracks website traffic, user behavior, and campaign performance
HubSpot Delivers comprehensive marketing analytics and automation capabilities
Sprout Social Provides social media analytics to measure audience engagement and campaign impact
SEMRush Offers in-depth SEO analytics and competitor research
Brandwatch Monitors brand mentions, sentiment analysis, and social media analytics
Salesforce Offers a comprehensive suite of marketing analytics tools for CRM data analysis

Marketing analytics provides businesses with valuable insights and a complete view of their marketing activities. By understanding customers better through data analysis, businesses can tailor their messaging and marketing efforts to increase brand engagement and drive conversions.

One of the significant benefits of marketing analytics is its potential to reduce ad spend. By analyzing campaign performance and identifying strategies that yield the highest return on investment, businesses can allocate their marketing budgets more effectively and eliminate wasteful spending on ineffective campaigns.

Gauging the effectiveness of marketing campaigns is another advantage of marketing analytics. By tracking key metrics and analyzing data, marketers can identify successful strategies and make informed decisions for future initiatives. This data-driven approach ensures that marketers optimize their campaigns, continually improve their efforts, and achieve their desired outcomes.

Implementing marketing analytics not only enhances decision-making capabilities but also improves overall marketing efforts. By gaining insights into customer needs, preferences, and behavior, businesses can build stronger customer relationships and deliver personalized experiences that resonate with their target audience.

However, it’s important to note that there are risks associated with marketing analytics. Potential data breaches, biased results, misuse of data, and errors in data analysis are some of the risks that businesses should be aware of. It’s crucial to mitigate these risks by implementing data encryption, anonymization, data governance policies, and data quality control measures.

In conclusion, marketing analytics is an invaluable tool for businesses aiming to drive results in the modern digital landscape. By leveraging data and analytics, businesses can gain a competitive advantage, optimize their campaigns, and achieve their marketing goals. With the right tools, skills, and strategies in place, marketing analytics empowers businesses to make data-driven decisions and stay ahead in today’s fast-paced and data-rich environment.

The Role of Marketing Analytics in Driving Results

Marketing analytics is a powerful tool that plays a crucial role in driving results for businesses. By managing and analyzing data, marketers can gain valuable insights and make data-driven decisions to optimize their marketing campaigns and achieve better outcomes.

With the help of marketing analytics, businesses can predict customers’ future actions and align their marketing efforts accordingly. This enables them to deliver personalized experiences and messaging that resonate with their target audience, leading to higher engagement and conversion rates.

A typical marketing analytics process involves four phases: understanding what happened, identifying why it happened, predicting what will happen next, and determining what actions can be taken to improve performance. By going through these phases, marketers can gain a comprehensive understanding of their campaigns and make informed decisions to optimize their strategies.

Modern marketers have access to advanced analytics tools like Google Analytics or Power BI, which enable them to measure performance data and draw actionable insights. These tools provide valuable information on campaign effectiveness, customer behavior, and audience engagement, allowing marketers to make data-driven decisions and improve their marketing efforts.

Predictive and prescriptive analytics are also becoming increasingly important in marketing. These advanced analytics techniques help marketers predict future behaviors and inform their strategies, enabling them to optimize their marketing efforts and plan campaigns more effectively.

Furthermore, marketing analytics can assist marketers in justifying and determining budget allocation. By presenting data-backed insights and demonstrating the impact of marketing initiatives on business outcomes, marketers can make a solid business case for budget increases and ensure that resources are allocated effectively.

To build a strong foundation for marketing analytics, it is essential to have robust data collection and analysis systems in place. This includes ensuring data uniformity and reliability through proper data transformation. By having accurate and consistent data, marketers can generate reliable insights for effective decision-making.

In the future, marketing analytics will continue to evolve. In 2024, it is anticipated that marketing analytics will go beyond basic performance tracking and include predictive insights and real-time analytics for better marketing decisions. These advancements will enable marketers to stay ahead of the curve and make data-driven choices in a rapidly changing landscape.

Utilizing a Marketing Platform for Analytics

In today’s data-driven marketing landscape, the power of analytics cannot be ignored. To effectively harness the potential of marketing analytics, businesses need a comprehensive marketing platform that integrates AI-powered analytics and predictive modeling. Such a platform enables marketers to gain deep insights, identify trends and patterns, and enhance their marketing strategies.

A marketing platform with AI-powered analytics goes beyond traditional reporting by utilizing advanced algorithms to analyze marketing data. It provides marketers with in-depth insights into consumer behavior, campaign performance, and market trends. By leveraging these insights, businesses can make data-driven decisions to optimize their marketing efforts.

Benefits of AI-Powered Analytics

AI-powered analytics offer several benefits for businesses:

  • Enhanced Accuracy: AI algorithms can analyze large volumes of complex data quickly and accurately, providing more precise insights compared to traditional analytics methods.
  • Identifying Trends and Patterns: By analyzing data from various channels, including web analytics, social media analytics, lead generation, and email marketing analytics, AI-powered analytics can identify trends and patterns that may not be apparent through manual analysis.
  • Personalized Marketing: AI-powered analytics enable marketers to segment their audience and deliver personalized messaging based on consumer preferences and behaviors.
  • Optimizing Campaigns: By measuring marketing metrics such as ROI, conversion rates, and click-through rates, AI-powered analytics help marketers optimize their campaigns and allocate marketing spend more effectively.

A comprehensive marketing platform allows businesses to leverage AI-powered analytics alongside other essential marketing tools. It provides a centralized hub where marketers can access and analyze data from multiple sources, streamline workflows, and collaborate with team members.

Marketing Platform Pricing Key Features
DashThis 15-day free trial, starting from US$33/month Marketing analytics platform with customizable dashboards and automated reporting.
Google Analytics Free Popular marketing analytics platform that offers a wide range of features, including website traffic analysis and goal tracking.
SEMRush 30-day free trial, starting from US$99.95/month All-in-one marketing platform with SEO, PPC, social media, and content marketing tools.
HubSpot Marketing Hub Pricing based on tier and number of marketing contacts Marketing automation platform with CRM, email marketing, social media, and lead generation tools.

By utilizing a marketing platform with AI-powered analytics and predictive modeling, businesses can unlock the full potential of their marketing data. These tools provide deeper insights, predictive capabilities, and personalized marketing opportunities. With the right marketing platform in place, businesses can make data-driven decisions and optimize their marketing strategies to drive better results.

Conclusion

In conclusion, marketing data is a powerful tool that can drive results and optimize business strategies. By employing data-driven strategies, businesses can gain valuable customer insights, personalize their messaging, and optimize campaigns to achieve higher ROI. It is crucial for marketers to stay up-to-date with the fast-evolving landscape of data-driven marketing and leverage the right tools and platforms to succeed in the ever-changing digital landscape.

Businesses must consider the business impact while shaping research questions and determine the actions to be taken based on the insights gained from each question. Complex marketing questions may require both quantitative and qualitative research methods, with various data analysis methods and tools advised based on research objectives. Validity and reliability of data and results should be ensured, and results should be interpreted carefully in the context of research objectives and market situation.

Clear and ethical communication of results is essential, respecting privacy and confidentiality. Sample design and size play a crucial role in ensuring the accuracy of research findings. It is also important to track marketing data to understand customer behavior and improve strategies. By treating marketing as an investment rather than an expense, businesses can maximize their results and strive towards long-term success.

FAQ

What is data-driven marketing?

Data-driven marketing is a strategy that utilizes data from consumer interactions and third parties to gain deeper insights into consumer motivations, preferences, and behaviors. Marketers can leverage this data to create personalized messaging and experiences that deliver a higher ROI.

What are the benefits of data-driven marketing?

Data-driven marketing provides clarity about what prospects value, converts them into customers more effectively, allows for campaign analysis and informed decision-making, and enables personalized messaging that resonates better with customers.

What challenges should marketers consider in data-driven marketing?

Marketers should establish a solid data foundation, ensure data quality and reliability, comply with data regulations, navigate customer privacy concerns, and conduct A/B testing to refine their campaigns.

What are the emerging trends in data-driven marketing for 2024?

Marketers are relying more on first-party data, navigating complex consumer buying journeys, focusing on personalized experiences, combating diminishing brand loyalty, and integrating data tools while adopting AI and marketing automation.

What insights do data-driven marketers need in 2024?

Data-driven marketers should leverage CRM data for segmentation and tailored experiences, web analytics data for insights into consumer interactions on websites, mobile app data for user behavior insights, transaction data for predicting purchasing behavior, and call tracking and conversation intelligence data for understanding consumer engagement with brands over the phone.

What are the best practices for data-driven marketing?

Marketers should have a deep understanding of their target audience, continuously analyze and optimize their data, derive actionable insights, and make data-driven decisions for their strategies.

What are the benefits of marketing analytics?

Marketing analytics allows for targeted messaging based on data analysis, reduces wasteful spending on ineffective campaigns, identifies successful strategies, and enables informed decision-making for future initiatives.

What is the role of marketing analytics in driving results?

Marketing analytics turns data into actionable insights, enables personalization, delivers engaging experiences, optimizes campaigns, and helps marketers make data-driven decisions for creating unforgettable customer experiences.

How can a marketing platform help with analytics?

A marketing platform that incorporates AI-powered analytics and predictive modeling provides in-depth insights, identifies trends and patterns, and enables personalized marketing efforts, allowing businesses to make data-driven decisions and enhance their marketing strategies.
About the author

Nina Sheridan is a seasoned author at Latterly.org, a blog renowned for its insightful exploration of the increasingly interconnected worlds of business, technology, and lifestyle. With a keen eye for the dynamic interplay between these sectors, Nina brings a wealth of knowledge and experience to her writing. Her expertise lies in dissecting complex topics and presenting them in an accessible, engaging manner that resonates with a diverse audience.